Is a security that entities its owner to gain a share of the profit of a joint-stock company (JSC) in the form of dividends, to participate in the management of the JSC, as well as to claim some of the property of the JSC in case of liquidation thereof. Return on investments in shares through changes in market value (price) and dividends.

Is a debt security that validates the issuer’s obligation to return to the investor a certain amount and a certain interest in the future. Return on bonds is formed by a periodically payable interest (coupon) and a change in the bonds value.

Derivative on the exchange of buying/selling of an underlying asset at the execution of which the parties agree on the price level and delivery term only. Income from futures is formed by a change in the value of the futures. Commonly use for hedging and/or speculative activity aimed at gaining profit.

represents an agreement traded on the market (exchange), where one party to it (the buyer) obtains the right, while the other party (the seller) assumes an obligation to sell or buy a certain asset (shares, goods or other) at a predetermined price in the future. For the obtained right the buyer pays the seller a “premium” which is a part of the asset value. Income from options is formed by a change in the value of options and/or the premium received.